Wheel Dish
Summary Wheel dish describes the lateral position of a bicycle rim relative to the hub’s installation centerline. A correctly dished wheel places the rim—and therefore the tire—centrally between…
Velopedia Entries
An evolving encyclopedia of cycling brands, technologies, components, and history.
Firmware
Summary Firmware is software stored within an electronic component that controls how its hardware starts, communicates, and operates. In modern bicycles, firmware governs functions such as motor assistance,…
Controller
Summary An e-bike controller is the electronic power-control unit that converts battery energy into the precisely timed electrical currents required by the motor. It interprets rider commands, sensor…
Avinox
Summary DJI Avinox is the commonly used name for the Avinox e-bike drive system originally developed within DJI. Introduced in 2024 with the compact M1 mid-drive, the system…
Bafang Mid-Drive
Summary A Bafang mid-drive is an electric-bicycle drive unit that applies motor power through the chainring and bicycle drivetrain rather than directly through a wheel hub. Bafang produces…
Auto Shift
Summary Auto Shift is an electronically controlled function that selects bicycle gears without requiring a separate shift command from the rider. In Shimano e-bike systems, it uses speed,…
Free Shift
Summary Free Shift is a Shimano e-bike function that allows a compatible electronic rear derailleur to complete shifts while the bicycle is coasting and the rider is not…
Wheelbase
Summary Wheelbase is the horizontal distance between a bicycle’s front and rear wheel axles, normally measured with the wheels pointing straight ahead. It influences high-speed composure, pitch response,…
Fork Offset
Summary Fork offset is the perpendicular distance between a bicycle’s steering axis and the center of its front axle. It influences trail, wheelbase, front-center, wheel flop, and steering…
Brake Fade
Summary Brake fade is a heat-induced reduction in braking performance. It occurs when brake pads, rotors, rims, hydraulic fluid, or related components exceed their effective operating temperature, reducing…
Shimano Di2
Summary Shimano Di2 is an electronic shifting platform that uses switches, digital communication, and motor-driven derailleurs instead of conventional shift levers and control cables. It provides repeatable derailleur…
Shimano E-Tube Project
Summary Shimano E-TUBE PROJECT is a software platform used to configure, update, inspect, and service compatible Shimano electronic bicycle components. Depending on the bicycle and software version, it…